Potential Drug–Drug Interactions in Medical Records of Patients With Atherosclerosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47701/6w4x6c65Keywords:
atherosclerosis, potential drug–drug interactions, medical records, drug-related problems, retrospective studyAbstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that often requires combination pharmacotherapy, which may result in potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs). Identifying pDDIs is important to support safe and effective medication use. This study aimed to evaluate potential drug–drug interactions based on the medical records of patients with atherosclerosis. Methods: This descriptive retrospective study used a purposive sampling technique. Medical records of patients with atherosclerosis who met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Potential drug–drug interactions were identified using Medscape, Drugs.com, and verified with Stockley's Drug Interactions, 12th edition. Results: Among 71 patients, 14 (19.72%) had at least one potential drug–drug interaction. A total of 14 potential interaction pairs were identified, with the aspirin–ramipril combination being the most frequent, accounting for 8 of the 14 interaction pairs (57.14%). Conclusion: Potential drug–drug interactions were identified among hospitalized patients with atherosclerosis, with aspirin–ramipril being the most frequent interaction. Although the identified interactions were potential rather than clinically confirmed events, the findings highlight the importance of medication review and appropriate therapy monitoring to support patient safety.
Downloads
References
1. Rasyid Y, Caniago Rs, Hutaperi B, Khairina T. Penyuluhan Kesehatan Tentang Aterosklerosis. Jurabdikes. 2024;71–5.
2. Raihan Aprillia, Deny Sutrisno Ma. Analisis Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner Rawat Inap Di Rsud H. Abdul Manap Jambi Periode 2024. J Sinergi Teknol Kesehat Nusant. 2025;6(3):1–14.
3. Erika, Dyah Armanda; Laela, Febriana; Adinda Di. Efektivitas Penggunaan Obat Kombinasi Pada Pasien Jantung Koroner Di Instalasi. J Pengemb Ilmu Dan Prakt Kesehat. 2024;3:319–27.
4. Permana Md, Idacahyati K, Salasanti Cd, Farmasi Ps, Farmasi F. Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Sindrom Koroner Akut Di Rsud Kota Banjar 1. J Pharmacopolium. 2023;6(2):60–7.
5. Fima, Perdani Rahayu; Yasmiwar Y. Identifikasi Interaksi Obat Pada Resep Tentang Gangguan Pernapasan Di Bulan Februari 2023 Di Apotek Kota Bandung. Farmaka. 2023;21(February):298–306.
6. Saputri, Melenia S. Potensi Interaksi Polifarmasi Pasien Jantung Koroner (Pjk) Di Rumah Sakit I.A. Moeis Samarinda. J Sains Dan Kesehat. 2018;5(2):109–14.
7. Islamiyah An. Telaah Potensi Interaksi Obat Resep Polifarmasi Klinik Jantung Pada Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Di Bandung. Kartika J Ilm Farm. 2020;8(1):25–35.
8. Iskandar H, Adelia D, Muharomah A. Gambaran Potensi Interaksi Obat Hipertensi Di Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Metropolitan Medical Centre Periode Oktober – Desember 2018. J Farmaasi Ikifa. 2021;1(1):1–9.
9. Heni Setyoningsih Fz. Hubungan Interaksi Obat Terhadap Efektivitas Obat Antihipertensi Di Rsud Dr. R. Soetrasno Rembang. Cendekia J Pharm. 2022;6(1):76–88.
10. Robert J. Sex Differences In Vascular Endothelial Cells. Elsevier. 2023;384(April):117278. Tersedia Pada: Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Atherosclerosis.2023.117278
11. Wentzel Jj, Papafaklis Mi, Antoniadis Ap, Takahashi S, Cefalo N V, Cormier M, Et Al. Sex-Related Differences In Plaque Characteristics And Endothelial Shear Stress Related Plaque-Progression In Human Coronary Arteries. Elsevier. 2022;342(December 2021):9–18. Tersedia Pada: Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Atherosclerosis.2021.12.013
12. Yerly A, Vorst Epc Van Der, Baumgartner I, Bernhard Sm, Schindewolf M, Döring Y. Specific And Hormone- Related Differences In Vascular Remodelling In Atherosclerosis. Wiley. 2023;(July 2022):1–13.
13. Gourdy P, Schiele F, Halimi J Michel, Kownator S, Hadjadj S, Valensi P. Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Strati Fi Cation And. Frontiersin. 2023;(September):1–11.
14. Petrie Jr, Guzik Tj, Touyz Rm. Diabetes , Hypertension , And Cardiovascular Disease : Clinical Insights And Vascular Mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2018;34(5):575–84. Tersedia Pada: Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Cjca.2017.12.005
15. Lee Ks, Park D In, Lee J, Oh O, Kim N. Relationship Between Comorbidity And Health Outcomes In Patients With Heart Failure : A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Bmc Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;1–16.
16. Screever Em, Wal Mhl Van Der, Veldhuisen Dj Van, Jaarsma T, Koops A. Comorbidities Complicating Heart Failure : Changes Over The Last 15 Years. Clin Res Cardiol. 2023;112(1):123–33. Tersedia Pada: Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S00392-022-02076-1
17. Morrison Am, Sullivan Ae, Aday Aw. Atherosclerotic Disease: Pathogenesis & Approaches To Management. Ncbi. 2023;107(5):793–805.
18. Dąbrowska E, Narkiewicz K. Hypertension And Dyslipidemia : The Two Partners In Endothelium ‑ Related Crime. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2023;25(9):605–12. Tersedia Pada: Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S11883-023-01132-Z
19. Yang C, Wu Y Jian, Qian J, Li J Jun. Landscape Of Statin As A Cornerstone In Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Imr Press. 2023;24(12).
20. Agnello F, Finocchiaro S, Laudani C, Legnazzi M. A Review Of Polypills For The Prevention Of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Am Heart J. 2023;266:74–85. Tersedia Pada: Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ahj.2023.08.012
21. Faisal S, Khotib J, Wibisono C, Hamidah Kf, Utomo Fn, Zairina E. Factors Contributing To The Prevalence Of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions Among Hospitalized Elderly Patients In A Tertiary Hospital In Eastern Java , Indonesia. Med J Indones. 2025;34(3):174–80.
22. Sahoo Ak, Singh A, Gupta D, Dhaneria S, Arunima P. Assessment Of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions ( Pddis ) And Their Risk Factors Among Hospitalized Cardiac Patients In A Tertiary-Care Center Of Central India : A Retrospective Record- Based Study. Sage. 2024;
23. Shareef J, Sridhar Sb, Nawa A, Ismail A, Rao Pgm, Ur Ra. Assessment Of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions In Hospitalized Patients With Infectious Diseases : An Experience From A Secondary Care Hospital. 2025;1–33.
24. Huang X, Song J. Understanding Drug Interactions In Antiplatelet Therapy For Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease : A Systematic Review. Cns. 2025;1–22.
25. Drugs.Com. Aspirin And Ramipril Interactions. 2026. Tersedia Pada: Https://Www.Drugs.Com/Drug-Interactions/Aspirin-With-Ramipril-243-0-1989-0.Html
26. Anfinogenova Nd, Stepanov Va, Chernyavsky Am, Karpov Rs, Efimova E V, Novikova Om, et al. Clinical Significance And Patterns Of Potential Drug – Drug Interactions In Cardiovascular Patients : Focus On Low-Dose Aspirin And Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. J Clin Med. 2024;
27. Drugs.Com. Aspirin And Captopril Interactions. 2026. Tersedia Pada: Https://Www.Drugs.Com/Interactions-Check.Php?Drug_List=243-0%2c493-0&Professional=1
28. Anfinogenova Nd, Novikova Om, Trubacheva Ia, Efimova E V, Chesalov Np, Ussov Wy, Et Al. Prescribed Versus Taken Polypharmacy And Drug – Drug Interactions In Older Cardiovascular Patients During The Covid-19 Pandemic : Observational Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. Jcm. 2023;
29. Baxter K, Editor. Stockley’s Drug Interactions. 12 Ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2019.
30. Zhou Q, Press D. Pharmacokinetic Drug – Drug Interactions Between 1 , 4-Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers And Statins : Factors Determining Interaction Strength And Relevant Clinical Risk Management. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2014;17–26.
31. Shi Z, Han S. Personalized Statin Therapy : Targeting Metabolic Processes To Modulate The Therapeutic And Adverse Effects Of Statins. Heliyon. 2025;11(1):E41629. Tersedia Pada: Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Heliyon.2025.E41629
32. Guidelines Cp. Guideline On The Management Of Dyslipidemia : A Report Of The American College Of Cardiology / American Heart Association Joint Committee On Clinical Practice Guidelines. 2026.
33. Vega Aj, Smith C, Matejowsky Hg, Thornhill Kj, Borne Ge, Mosieri Cn, Et Al. Warfarin And Antibiotics : Drug Interactions And Clinical Considerations. Mdpi. 2023;1–11.
34. American Heart Association. Guideline For The Diagnosis And Management Of Atrial Fibrillation. Vol. 83. 2024.
35. Heart A, Association. Guideline For The Management Of Heart Failure : A Report Of The American College Of Cardiology. 2022.
36. Gona Sr, Rosenberg J, Fyffe-Freil Rc, Kozakiewicz Jm, Money Me. Review : Failure Of Current Digoxin Monitoring For Toxicity : New. Frontiers (Boulder). 2023;2003(July).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Annora Rizky Amalia, Alfina Nurrahman, Wahyuddin Nur
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
