Patterns of Antibiotic Use Among Pediatric Inpatients with Pneumonia at BanyuBening Islamic General Hospital in 2025

Abstract

Background:  Pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Appropriate antibiotic use plays a crucial role in achieving successful treatment outcomes while preventing the emergence of bacterial resistance.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the patterns of antibiotic use among hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with pneumonia at BanyuBening Islamic General Hospital in 2025.

Methods:  A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using the medical records of pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia between January and December 2025. A total of 120 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The collected data were analyzed descriptively using frequency distributions and percentages.

Result:   The results showed that the majority of patients were in the 0–5-year-old age group (75,83%), were female (51,67%), and were hospitalized for 1–5 days (95,00%). Antibiotic use was dominated by injectable formulations (92,50%). Monotherapy was used more frequently than combination therapy, with ceftriaxone being the most commonly prescribed antibiotic (56,67%). By class, cephalosporins were the most commonly used (66,67%), and the ceftriaxone-gentamicin combination was the most common combination (12,50%). The frequency of administration was 98,33%.  The frequency of administration was 98,33%. Antibiotic use was dominated by the cephalosporin class, particularly ceftriaxone, with a very high rate of correct dosing frequency

Conclusion: Antibiotic therapy for hospitalized pediatric patients with pneumonia was predominantly based on cephalosporins, particularly ceftriaxone, with a very high level of adherence to the recommended dosing frequency.

Keywords: antibiotics; pneumonia; pediatric; hospitalization