PENGARUH PEROKOK TERHADAP ADANYA C – REAKTIVE PROTEIN (CRP)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47701/infokes.v9i2.824Keywords:
perokok aktif, jumlah batang rokok, lama merokok dan C-reactive protein (CRP).Abstract
Cigarettes are packaged tobacco products including cigars or other forms of Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana rustica or their synthesis. Three main toxic agents in cigarette are Nicotine, Tar and Carbon monoxide. Their toxin activities can damage cell, tissue. Lugs and cardiovascular system are the main organ affected due to inflammatory reaction caused by its toxin. Specific proteins was produced in the liver responsed tissue damage and inflammation, one of them is C-Reactive Protein (CRP). We conducted research to measure CRP level in blood serum of active smokers and whether its correlation to long term smoking and number of cigarettes consumed. Fourty (40) men apparently health, have been smoking for more 6 years, have no symptom of cardiovascular disease and other chonic disease was participated in this reseach. CRP was analized by Quantitative Latex Aglutination Method.
Descriptive data analysis shows average number of cigarettes consumed every day is 10,70 and duration of smoking is 8,67 years. Statistic analysis obtained no correlation of long term smoking and number of cigarettes consumed to CRP level (r = 0.057 and r = 0.729 respectively).
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References
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Sitepoe, 2000. Kekhususan Rokok Indonesia. Jakarta : PT. Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.
Tonstad, S., Cowan, J.L. 2009. C-reactive Protein as a Predictor of Disease in Smokers and Former Smokers: a Review. Int. J. Clin Pract; 63(11) : 1634-41
Wannamethee, S.G., Shaper, A.G., Lennon, L., Papacosta, O., dan Whincup, P., 2015. Mild Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Older Men : A Population-Based Cohort Study. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 26(1), pp.12-19. Available from : http://www.nmcd-journal.com/article/S09394753%2815%2900181-7/abstract diakses 10 Oktober 2019.
WHO, 2018. Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking. Available fromhttps://www.who.int/gho/tobacco/use/en/ diakses 18 Agustus 2019.
Yanbaeva, DG., Dentener, MA., Creutzberg, C., Wesseling, G., Wouters, EFM. ystemic Effect of Smoking. Chest. 2002: 131(5).
Aldaham, S., Foote, J.A., Chow, S. H.H., Hakim, I.A., 2015. Smoking Status Effect on Inflammatory Markers in a Randomized Trial of Current and Former Heavy Smokers. Int. J. Of Inflammation.Available fromhttps://www.hindawi.com/journals/iji/2015/439396/ diakses 10 Agustus 2019.
Anonim, 2013. Tentang Tembakau dan Cengkeh. Gudang Garam. Available fromhttps://www.gudanggaramtbk.com/kretek/#tembakaucengkeh. Diakses 18 Agustus 2019.
Anonim, 2018. Sejarah Rokok Hingga jadi Candu Dunia.Available fromhttps://internasional. kompas.com/read/2018/05/31/13362751/sejarah-rokok-dari-fungsi-medis-hingga-jadi- candu -dunia ? page=all, diakses 11 Oktober 2019.
Ansar W, Ghosh, S. 2013. C Reactive-Protein and the Biology of Disease. 2013. J.Immunol Res; 56(1) : 131-42.
Black S, Kushner I, Samols D. 2004. C-reactive protein. J Biol Chem; 279(47):48487-90 .
Chung SH, Makambi KH, Soldin OP. 2014. Tobacco smoke exposure, C-reactive protein and steroid hormones measured by Tandem Mass Spectrometry in healthy women. J Steroid Hormon Sci;15.(4):1-6.
DepKes, 2019. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas). Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian RI tahun 2018. Available fromhttp://www.depkes.go.id/ resources/download/infoterkini/materi_rakorpop_2018/Hasil%20Riskesdas%202018.pdf – Diakses Agustus 2018
Dewi, H.N.C., Parutu, M.E., Tiho. M., 2016. Gambaran kadar C-reactive protein (CRP) serum pada perokok aktif usia >40 tahun. Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBm); 4 (2) :
Fattah, M. 2006. Sindroma metabolik dan penanda baru disfungsi endotel; Asimetrik Dimetil Arginin (ADMA) dan High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP). Forum Diagnosticum; 1: 1-6.
Fonseca LAM, Sumita NM, Duarte NJC, Lichtenstein A, Duarte AJS. 2013. C-reactive protein : clinical applications and proposals for a rational use. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2255-4823(13)70434-X diakses 10 Oktober 2019.
Jennifer, M.K., McIntosh, J.M., Doju, Y., & Baldomero, M.O. (2001). Nicotineevoked transmitter release from synaptosomes: functional association of specific presynaptic acetylcholine receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels. J of Neurochemistry; 77: 1581-1589.
Kurniantoro, Andika. Sejarah Rokok. Available fromhttps://sains.me/sejarah-rokok/ diakses tanggal 10 Oktober 2019.
Handojo I, 2004. Imunoasai Terapan padaBeberapa Penyakit Infeksi. Surabaya: Pusat Penerbitan dan Percetakan Unair (AUP).
Harris, J.E., 2018. Cigarette Smoke Components and Disease: Cigarette Smoke Is More Than a Triad of Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 7. National Cancer Institute, available from https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/TCRB/monographs/7/m7_5.pdf, diakses 10 Oktober 2019.
Hutapea, Ronald. 2013. Why Rokok? Tembakau dan Peradapan Manusia. Jakarta : Bee Media.
Oshawa M, Okayama A,Nakamura M, Onoda T, Kato K, Itai K,. 2005.CRP levels are elevated in smokers but unrelated to the number of cigarettes and are decreased by long-term smoking cessation in male smokers. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15917065. Diakses 10 Oktober 2019
Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. 2003. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest;111:1805-12.
Riskesdas, 2018. Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018. Available. From: https://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/info-terkini/hasil-riskesdas-2018.pdf, diakses tanggal 10 Oktober 2019.
Saleh, K.N.B. 2011. Prevalensi Penderita Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) dengan Riwayat Merokok di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik (RSUP HAM) Medan Periode Januari 2009-Desember 2009 (KTI). Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
Sharon, R.G., Natalie, M.M., Jian, C., Andrew, M.R., Marina, R.P., Jean-Pierre, C., McIntosh, J.M., Michael, J.M., & Allan, C.C. (2001). Nicotinic agonists stimulate acetylcholine release from mouse interpeduncular nucleus: a function mediated by a different nAChR than dopamine release from striatum. J of Neurochemistry; 77: 258-268
Sitepoe, 2000. Kekhususan Rokok Indonesia. Jakarta : PT. Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.
Tonstad, S., Cowan, J.L. 2009. C-reactive Protein as a Predictor of Disease in Smokers and Former Smokers: a Review. Int. J. Clin Pract; 63(11) : 1634-41
Wannamethee, S.G., Shaper, A.G., Lennon, L., Papacosta, O., dan Whincup, P., 2015. Mild Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Older Men : A Population-Based Cohort Study. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 26(1), pp.12-19. Available from : http://www.nmcd-journal.com/article/S09394753%2815%2900181-7/abstract diakses 10 Oktober 2019.
WHO, 2018. Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking. Available fromhttps://www.who.int/gho/tobacco/use/en/ diakses 18 Agustus 2019.
Yanbaeva, DG., Dentener, MA., Creutzberg, C., Wesseling, G., Wouters, EFM. ystemic Effect of Smoking. Chest. 2002: 131(5).
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Published
2019-09-10
How to Cite
F. Pramonodjati, Anggraeni Sih Prabandari, & Francisko Angelo Eko Sudjono. (2019). PENGARUH PEROKOK TERHADAP ADANYA C – REAKTIVE PROTEIN (CRP). Infokes: Jurnal Ilmiah Rekam Medis Dan Informatika Kesehatan, 9(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.47701/infokes.v9i2.824
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