FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN DERAJAT ULKUS KAKI DIABETIK DI RSUD DR. MOEWARDI SURAKARTA

Abstract

Latar belakang: Ulkus kaki diabetik merupakan salah satu komplikasi kronis dari penyakit DM. Berdasarkan laporan Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2012, prevalensi DM di Jawa Tengah mencapai 0,06% di RSUD dr. R Soeprapto Cepu. Berdasarkan laporan Rekam Medik tahun 2012 diperoleh prevalensi DM tiap tahunnya rata-rata mencapai 344 kasus dimana sebanyak 210 (61%) kasus dengan ulkus diabetik. Penyebab terjadinya ulkus kaki diabetik adalah akibat buruknya perfusi jaringan perifer pada pengidap.Buruknya nilai SpO_2, usia, dan jenis kelamin meningkatkan resiko ulkus diabetik.Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan derajat ulkus kaki diabetik di RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian korelasi dengan rancangan penelitian Cross Sectional. Populasinya adalah pasien DM dari September hingga Desember 2017 di RSUD Dr. Moewardi yang berjumlah 532 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah consecuttive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 95 responden. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan pulse oximetry. Analisa data penelitian menggunakan uji regresi linear sederhana. Hasil: Mayoritas berusia 46-55 tahun sebanyak 49 responden (75,4%). Sebagian besar laki-laki sebanyak 37 responden (56,9%). Nilai SpO₂ minimal 91%, maksimal 100%, modus 98%, mean 97,14%, dan tandard deviation 1,870. Derajat ulkus kaki diabetik minimal 0, maksimal 5, modus 0, median 0,00, dan standard deviation 1,378. p value usia, jenis kelamin, dan SpO₂ dengan derajat ulkus kaki adalah 0,207; 0,052; dan 0,006. Kesimpulan:Tidak ada hubungan antara usia dan jenis kelamin dengan derajat ulkus diabetik. Ada hubungan antara SpO₂ dengan derajat ulkus kaki diabetik di RSUD Dr. Moewardi, dengan hubungan linear negatif sempurna.

Kata kunci: SpO₂, derajat ulkus kaki diabetik, DM

 

Abstract

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the chronical complications in diabetes mellitus. According to the report from Public Health Service in Central Java Province in 2012, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) reached 0.06% at Dr. R Soeprapto Regional Public Hospital, Cepu. According to the Medical Record of 2012, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus reached 344 cases every year in which there were 210 case (61%) of diabetic ulcers. The cause of diabetic foot ulcer can be attributed to the poor peripheral tissue perfusion on the patients with chronic DM. This leads to the description of the poor SpO₂, age, and gender.Objective: To find out the the factorsthat relation to ulcer degree of diabetic foot at Dr. Moewardi Regional Public Hospital. Method: This was a correlational research with a cross sectional design. The population was composed of 532 patients with diabetes mellitus at Dr. Moewardi Regional Public Hospital from September to December 2017. A consecutive sampling technique was used to collect data from as many as 95 respondents. This research used observation sheets and pulse oximetry. As for the analysis, it used a simple linear regression test. Result: The results show that the SpO₂ on patients with DM at Dr. Moewardi Regional Public Hospital was 91% for the minimum, 100% for the maximum, the mode of 98%, the mean of 97.14%, and the standard deviation of 1.870. The ulcer degree of diabetic foot was 0 for the minimum, 5 for the maximum, the mode of 0, the median of 0.00, and the standard deviation of 1.378. The p-value between age and ulcer degree of diabetic foot was 0,207.  The p-value between gender and ulcer degree of diabetic foot was 0,052. The p-value between SpO₂ and ulcer degree of diabetic foot was 0,006. Conclution: There is no relationship between age and gender to ulcer degree of diabetic foot. There is a correlation between SpO₂ and ulcer degree of diabetic foot ad Dr. Moewardi Regional Public Hospital, with perfect negative linear correlations.

Key words: SpO₂, ulcer degree of diabetic foot, diabetes mellitus