THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMBINATION SNAKEHEAD FISH AND MORINGA LEAVES ON INCREASING HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ANEMIA

Authors

  • Wiqodatul Ummah Politeknik Kesehatan Wira Husada Nusantara Malang
  • Santy Irene Putri Politeknik Kesehatan Wira Husada Nusantara Malang
  • Woro Tri Utami Politeknik Kesehatan Wira Husada Nusantara Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47701/zbtyyg07

Keywords:

anemia, hemoglobin, snakehead fish, moringa leaves, pregnancy

Abstract

Maternal anemia remains a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries, including Indonesia. Conventional iron supplementation often faces adherence issues due to side effects, thus highlighting the need for alternative, food-based interventions utilizing locally available resources. Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is rich in high-quality protein, albumin, and bioavailable iron, while moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) contain plant-based iron, vitamin C, and antioxidants that enhance iron absorption. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of floss products based on snakehead fish and moringa leaves to increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 40 pregnant women with anemia, divided into one control group (floss products without moringa) and one intervention groups with different moringa additions every week (15 g, 20 g, and 25 g). Each participant consumed 150 g of floss products daily for 3 weeks. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after intervention using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann-Whitney U Test with a 95% confidence level. The mean hemoglobin level increased from 9.7 g/dL (SD = 0.3) to 10.6 g/dL (SD = 0.5) after the intervention (p < 0.001). The intervention groups achieved significantly higher hemoglobin levels (mean = 12.5 g/dL, SD = 0.9) compared to the control group (mean = 11.2 g/dL, SD = 0.7), with p = 0.002. The combination of snakehead fish and moringa leaves was effective in improving hemoglobin levels among pregnant women with anemia.

References

Akib, A., & Rukinah, R. (2024). Effect of anemia in pregnant women on the incidence of premature labor and low birth weight. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 13(2), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v13i2.1241

Arma, N., Juliani, S., Pratiwi, D., & Wibawanto, S. (2025). Food-Based Approach to Address Pregnancy Anemia : Evaluating the Effectiveness of Moringa Leaf Pudding in Improving Hemoglobin Levels . Pendekatan Berbasis Pangan untuk Mengatasi Anemia Kehamilan : Evaluasi Efektivitas Puding Daun Kelor dalam Meningkatkan. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 8(1), 1302–1308.

Bertalina, B., Indriyani, R., Sudarmi, S., Nugroho, A., & Yunianto, A. E. (2025). Formulation of Seruit Indigenous Food from Lampung with the Addition of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) as a Source of Protein. Amerta Nutrition, 9(2), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v9i2.2025.258-265

Cai, Y., Cai, Y., Hu, Y., Lu, S., & Lin, Y. (2025). Correlation between albumin levels during the third trimester and the risk of postpartum levator ani muscle rupture. Open Medicine (Poland), 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2025-1209

Eka Surya Sulistriany Djaba, & Siti Marfu’ah. (2023). Pengaruh Pemberian Sayur Daun Kelor Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil. Cendekia Medika: Jurnal Stikes Al-Ma`arif Baturaja, 8(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.52235/cendekiamedika.v8i1.213

Fajriah, A. S., & Mufida, R. T. (2025). Use of moringa oleifera for anemia in pregnant women at wini. Journal of Midwifery and Nursing, i(2), 213–223.

Islam, Z., Islam, S. M. R., Hossen, F., Mahtab-Ul-Islam, K., Hasan, M. R., & Karim, R. (2021). Moringa oleifera is a Prominent Source of Nutrients with Potential Health Benefits. International Journal of Food Science, 2021(June 2013), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627265

Khezri, R., Rezaei, F., Jahanfar, S., & Ebrahimi, K. (2025). Association between maternal anemia during pregnancy with low birth weight their infants. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91316-1

Loechl, C. U., Datta-Mitra, A., Fenlason, L., Green, R., Hackl, L., Itzkowitz, L., Koso-Thomas, M., Moorthy, D., Owino, V. O., Pachón, H., Stoffel, N., Zimmerman, M. B., & Raiten, D. J. (2023). Approaches to Address the Anemia Challenge. Journal of Nutrition, 153(July), S42–S59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.07.017

Mustafa, A., Soelistyorini, D., Pudjirahaju, A., & Safitri, P. D. (2024). Effectiveness of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Snacks in Improving Protein Intake and Albumin Levels in Adolescent Girls at Risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency. Health Dynamics, 1(12), 485–491. https://doi.org/10.33846/hd11207

Mustika, D., Wulan, D., & Azwar. (2024). The Effect Of Adding Snakehead Fish Meat On Acceptability And Nutritional Content In Nugget Production. Jurnal Eduhealth, 15(03), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.54209/eduhealth.v15i03

Oumer, A., & Hussein, A. (2019). Pregnant mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards preventions of iron deficiency anemia in Harar Town, Ethiopia. International Journal of Public Health Science, 8(2), 202–210. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v8i2.19476

Parameswari, G. V., Hapsari, M. W., Putri, M., Program, N., Pangan, S. T., Sains, F., Teknologi, D., Nasional, U., & Semarang, K. (2025). POTENTIAL IRON AND VITAMIN C FROM MORINGA LEAVES AS A FOOD PRODUCT TO OVERCOME ANEMIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Science Technology and Management Journal, 5(1), 67–71. http://journal.unkartur.ac.id/index.php/stmj

Pareek, A., Pant, M., Gupta, M. M., Kashania, P., Ratan, Y., Jain, V., Pareek, A., & Chuturgoon, A. A. (2023). Moringa oleifera: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Its Pharmacological Activities, Ethnomedicinal, Phytopharmaceutical Formulation, Clinical, Phytochemical, and Toxicological Aspects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032098

Ramadhanti, N. A., Sandhika, W., & Widodo, A. D. W. (2021). The Effect of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract on Inflammation Reaction of Skin Wound Tissue in Rattus novergicus Wistar Strain. Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan, 33(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.20473/bikk.V33.1.2021.48-54

Sari, R. Y., Ariani, P. A., K, I., & Wisnuwardani, R. W. (2025). Community Empowerment in Providing Local Supplementary Feeding for Pregnant Women With CED at Puskesmas Bengkuring, Samarinda. Jurnal Abdimas, 29(1), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.15294/abdimas.v29i1.27431

Simanjuntak, R. R., Siahaan, G., Sihotang, U., & Bakara, T. L. (2023). Sustainability of freshwater snakehead fish empowerment as animal protein in increasing albumin and hemoglobin levels of breastfeeding mothers. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1241(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1241/1/012100

Smitha, M. V., Indumathi, P., Parichha, S., Kullu, S., Roy, S., Gurjar, S., & Meena, S. (2024). Compliance with Iron-Folic Acid supplementation, associated factors, and barriers among postpartum women in Eastern India. Human Nutrition and Metabolism, 35(October 2023), 200237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200237

Syari, M., Fitria, R., Sinaga, E. S., Harahap, N. R., & Oktafirnanda, Y. (2023). Efetivitas tablet Fe dalam meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 6(3), 1257–1264. https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i3.208

Ummah, W., Rahmawati, M. A., Ningrum, N. B., & Kuswandari, E. (2024). Increasing Hemoglobin ( Hb ) Levels on Anemic Postpartum Mothers With Snakehead Fish ( Channa Striata ) Extract. Proceedings of International Health Conference, 1(5), 159–166. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ihc.v1i1.14926

Downloads

Published

2025-09-25