The Effect of Back Massage on Labor Pain in the Active Phase of the First Stage of Labor: A Case Study

Abstract

Background: Labor pain is one of the physiological experiences encountered by nearly all women in labor, resulting from uterine contractions and cervical dilation. Poorly managed pain can increase anxiety and fatigue, as well as affect the progress of labor. One non-pharmacological method that can be used to reduce labor pain is back massage, which works through nerve stimulation and improved maternal relaxation. Objective: This case study aims to determine the effectiveness of back massage as a strategy for managing labor pain in women during the active phase of the first stage of labor. Methods: This research uses a descriptive method with a case study approach involving one woman in labor during the active phase of the first stage. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the back massage intervention. The intervention was performed for 20 minutes on the lumbar and sacral regions using stroking and gentle pressure techniques in accordance with standard procedures. Results: The study results showed a reduction in pain intensity following the administration of back massage. The pain score, which initially stood at 8 (severe pain), decreased to 5 (moderate pain). Additionally, the mother appeared more relaxed, was able to control her breathing better, and felt more comfortable throughout the labor process. Conclusion: Back massage is effective in helping reduce the intensity of labor pain in women during the active phase of the first stage of labor. This intervention can be used as a safe, simple, and easy-to-apply non-pharmacological method in midwifery practice to improve maternal comfort during labor.