Characteristics of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Patients; Correlation Study with BPaLM Regimen at RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) posing a significant global public health challenge. Indonesia is among the high-burden MDR-TB countries. The introduction of the BPaLM regimen has improved treatment outcomes; however, real-world evidence regarding its effectiveness and association with patient characteristics in referral hospitals remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of MDR-TB patients and examine their correlation with treatment outcomes of the BPaLM regimen at RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Methods: A quantitative observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using medical record data. A total of 90 patients were selected from 885 MDR-TB cases using the Slovin formula. Independent variables included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics such as age, gender, nutritional status, smoking history, MDR status, previous treatment history, TB drug resistance status, comorbidities, and HIV status. The dependent variable was treatment success. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test with a significance level of 95% (?=0.05). Results: The majority of patients were aged 25–44 years, male, had normal nutritional status, a history of smoking, and were relapsed cases. The treatment success rate with the BPaLM regimen reached 71.1%. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between treatment success and gender (p=0.003), nutritional status (p=0.016), smoking history (p=0.011), MDR status (p=0.008), previous treatment history (p<0.001), and TB-RO status (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that only TB-RO status was significantly associated with treatment success (OR=6.463; 95%CI=1.610–25.947; p=0.008).