ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOUND CONTENT OF FENNEL SEEDS (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) AND LAVENDER (Lavandula angustifolia) USING THE GS-MS METHOD

Abstract

Fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is a part of  of aromatic plants that produce essential oils with various biological activities and are widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and aromatherapy industries. Identification of compounds in essential oils can be done using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), which offers high sensitivity and excellent separation capabilities. This study aims to obtain essential oils from fennel seeds and lavender through steam distillation methods and analyze their chemical compound content using GC-MS. Essential oils were obtained through steam distillation for 7 hours and then the yield percentage was calculated, the results showed that the yield of fennel seed essential oil was 1.05% and lavender was 0.51%. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that fennel seed essential oil contained 10 identified compounds, with the compounds with the highest area percentage being benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) (anethole) at 45.60%, methyl chavicol at 26.60%, 1,2,3-trimethyl bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol at 20.63%, and limonene at 3.06%. Meanwhile, lavender essential oil contains 39 identified compounds, with eucalyptol having the highest area percentage at 34.41%, followed by bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one,1,7,7-trimethyl at 14.10%, ?-bisabolol at 12.19%, linalool at 10.85%, and bicyclo3.1.1heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene at 5.26%. The results showed that the GC-MS method was effective in identifying the compound profiles of fennel and lavender essential oils.