ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SNEDDS-BASED PARIJOTO FRUIT EXTRACT (MEDINILLA SPECIOSA BLUME) AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ATCC 25953

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25953 is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause various infections in humans. Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa Blume) contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics that exhibit antibacterial potential. However, its application is often limited by the poor solubility and bioavailability of its active compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of parijoto fruit ethanol extract formulated into a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25953.The ethanol extract of parijoto fruit was formulated into SNEDDS using a combination of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. The SNEDDS was characterized by percent transmittance, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential analyses. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar diffusion method at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL.The results showed that the SNEDDS had a transmittance value of 96.22 ± 0.55%, an average particle size of 9.742 ± 0.461 nm, a PDI value of 0.389 ± 0.013, and a zeta potential of -16.46 ± 0.88 mV. The antibacterial assay demonstrated inhibition zone diameters of 3.5, 6.4, 7.9, and 9.10 mm at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL, respectively. The SNEDDS formulation of parijoto fruit extract exhibited favorable nanoemulsion characteristics and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25953, indicating its potential as a natural product-based antibacterial delivery system